Do I need to open a bank account to go abroad? 

For Malians living or working abroad, it is advisable to open a local bank account in your host country. You can go to a local bank branch or choose an international bank that operates in Mali and your destination country. Banks such as Ecobank, UBA Mali, BDM S.A, Bank of Africa, Coris Bank or Banque Atlantique may have branches or partnerships that can facilitate the process. If you have a bank card in your home country, be sure it is compatible with your destination country if you intend to use it in the short term. 

To open a bank account abroad, you will generally need a few key documents. Firstly, your passport will serve as your primary form of identification. You will also need proof of residence in the host country, such as a utility bill or tenancy agreement, to verify your address. In addition, depending on your status, you may need to provide an employment contract or student ID card to prove that you intend to stay in the country. 

Do I need mobile banking? 

If you don't have a bank account or prefer not to open one, consider using mobile money or international money transfer services to send, receive, check balances, manage and pay for services directly from your phone. In some countries, you can even link your Malian mobile money account (for example, Orange Money, Moov Money or Wave) to your international bank account, making it easier to transfer funds between accounts. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, it is best to check with the mobile money service providers or banks in the country concerned. 

If you carry large amounts of cash, it's important to be careful. Always keep it safe, avoid showing it in public and consider using a money belt or hidden pouch. Keep cash separate and store it in different safe places. Also, learn about local laws and customs regarding cash limits to avoid any legal problems. It is generally safer to use digital payment methods or transfer services for large amounts than to carry a lot of cash. 

How do I send money back home? 

The costs and regulations for sending money to Mali from abroad can vary based on the method selected. The most common options are to use money transfer services such as Orange Money, Moov Money, Ria, Western Union and MoneyGram. These services generally charge a fee depending on the amount sent and the speed of the transfer. Some banks also offer international electronic transfers, which can be more cost-effective for larger amounts but can take longer. It's important to compare fees and exchange rates before choosing a service. Also, learn about the regulations in your host country regarding the maximum amount you can send or receive. In Mali, the recipient may be required to show ID to collect the funds, and the transfer may be subject to local taxes or charges. 

Do I need a special permit to work abroad? 

As a Malian citizen, whether you need a special permit to work abroad depends on the country in which you plan to work. Most countries require foreign nationals to obtain a visa or work permit to be legally employed. To work abroad, you must first inquire about the specific visa and work permit requirements of the destination country. Often you will need to find a job before applying for a work permit, and your employer may need to sponsor your application. It is important to comply with local regulations and to understand the administrative formalities, fees and deadlines involved. Some countries, such as Gabon, Morocco, France and Côte d'Ivoire, may have agreements with Mali that simplify the process. Contacting the Malian embassy in your destination country will give you invaluable advice and support.  

Where can I apply to work abroad? 

When looking for a job abroad from Mali, there are several key strategies to increase your chances of success. Start by exploring international job boards such as Indeed, Monster and LinkedIn, which regularly post jobs from all over the world. In addition, Malian employment platforms such as Maliemploi.org, Malipage.com, Emploi et Moi and RMO often post vacancies in foreign countries. 

Given that job applications generally take a long time and that most of them now start online, it is not advisable to travel to your destination as a tourist and apply directly in the country. You run the risk of overstaying your tourist visa and finding yourself in an irregular situation. To know more about irregular migration, click here [to the Learn section]. 

How do I improve my employment prospects? 

As a Malian citizen moving to a new country, it can be crucial to upgrade your skills depending on the activity sector and job market you are entering. Many countries have professional standards, certifications or technological advances that differ from those in Mali. Further training can help you adapt to these new requirements, increase your competitiveness in the job market and improve your ability to clinch better opportunities. Also, some professions may require specific qualifications or licences recognised in the host country. 

A good starting point is to take advantage of events and projects such as those promoted by WorldSkills Africa, which offer training and skills development opportunities. You can also explore the programmes of the African Center for Economic Transformation (ACET), which focuses on improving skills and promoting economic growth. These resources can help you acquire the skills you need to thrive in your new environment. In addition, the Malian Ministry of National Entrepreneurship, Employment and Vocational Training (Direction Nationale de la Formation Professionnelle) can be a valuable resource for accessing internationally recognised vocational training programmes. 

You can further upskill by taking free online courses offered by platforms like Digital Skills Africa, Coursera, Harvard University and Open University. Also, explore the resources available on YouTube to learn basic digital skills for free. 

What should I know to start a (small) business abroad? 

To set up a small business abroad, you must comply with the regulations of the host country regarding registering the business, obtaining the necessary permits, and meeting tax obligations in accordance with local legislation. Depending on the nature of your business, special authorisations may be required. It is essential to consult local authorities or legal experts to ensure full compliance. Mali's membership of ECOWAS and UEMOA offers advantages such as reduced customs tariffs and simplified regulations in West Africa.  

Can I export to my home country? 

Yes, you can export goods to Mali, but you’ll need to follow the country's import procedures and provide the required documents. In general, you'll need documents such as a commercial invoice, a certificate of origin and an import declaration, among others. Depending on the type of goods and the urgency of the delivery, additional permits or authorisations may be required. It is important to keep abreast of the latest regulations, as requirements may change. You can use national postal services to send the necessary documents safely to your home country. For more information, visit the Malian Customs website. 

Where can I get business advice? 

To set up a business abroad, you can contact API, which offers support and guidance to Malian entrepreneurs. Malian Customs is the competent authority to consult for information on rules and regulations, including customs procedures. If you need advice on navigating international business environments and the consular cooperation agreements that Mali has with other countries, the Malian Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture (CCIAD) can help you ensure that your business operations comply with local and international standards. 

How important is speaking the local language of my destination country? 

Life abroad is easier if you speak the spoken language in the destination country. You can communicate with locals, find your way around and improve your quality of life. Do you want to go somewhere where you can immediately communicate with the locals, or do you see your trip abroad as an opportunity to learn a new language? Here’s a start: 

If you want to travel to places where Bambara, Pulaar, Soninké, Dogon, French or other common languages are spoken, have a look at the following destinations: 

• Countries with similar languages on the continent:  

French: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Lebanon, Madagascar, Senegal, Morocco, Mauritania, Niger, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Democratic Republic of Congo, Togo. 

Bambara: Burkina Faso, Senegal, Ivory Coast 

Wolof and Serer: Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia. 

Pulaar: Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia. 

• Countries with similar languages outside the continent:  
  French: Belgium, Canada, France, Haiti, Luxembourg, Monaco, Switzerland, Vanuatu 

If you want to learn a new language in Mali, because of the similarities with French, the easiest languages to learn are Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, English and German.  

If you want to go to countries where English is spoken in Africa, you can go to Angola, Botswana, Egypt, Eritrea, Eswatini (Kingdom of Eswatini), Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Republic of South Sudan, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia or Zimbabwe.   

Outside the continent, English-speaking countries include Australia, Canada, Ireland, Jamaica, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States.  

If you're planning to travel to a country whose mother tongue is very different from the one you speak, be prepared for a greater challenge, especially if the language involves a new alphabet, grammar or pronunciation. For example, switching to languages such as Mandarin, Russian or Arabic may require more time and effort. However, by immersing yourself in the language through music, videos, reading and practising with native speakers, you can make learning both enjoyable and effective. Set small goals, use mnemonics and practise the language every day. With consistency and diligence, you'll make significant progress. 

Where can I learn languages in Mali? 

Mali offers specialised language programmes in institutions such as: 

• French Institute of Mali: French 
• Language centre in Bamako: English, Bambara, Wolof, Swahili, Lingala. 
• Mali Canadian-American Language School : English 
• Confucius Institute: Chinese 
• Bamacours Languages: English, Bambara, Wolof, Swahili, Lingala, Soninké 
• German-Malian Cultural Circle: German 

Before moving on to any of the languages mentioned, you can learn French, which will be useful both in Mali and abroad. You can find multilateral programmes such as Ecole et Langues Nationales en Afrique, a programme that supports education using national languages in the classroom. If you already have a good command of French and would like to travel to other countries, such as those in Central Africa, Asia, North Africa or the Middle East, here are some institutes that might be perfect for you to learn their languages: 

• Confucius Institute: Chinese 
• Cercle Culturel Germano-Malien (CCGM): German 
• In countries such as Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia and Guinea, the most widely shared languages are Francique, Wolof, Peul, Soninke and Fulfulde, and they can be learned through community groups in Mali. 

In addition to these institutions, there are also free online platforms that can help you learn a new language at your own pace, such as Duolingo, Memrise, BBC languages or DW Learn.  

Would you like to learn more about languages? Click here. 

What if certain local values or practices don’t align with my own? 

Linguistic and cultural similarities do not always totally overlap, and care must be taken to try to understand the differences. For example, Mali and France share historical links, a language – French – and certain cultural aspects. However, in legal and religious terms, France is a secular state that prohibits certain practices, such as the wearing of the hijab in public services, and the public expression of religion can be restricted. This can affect not only Muslim practices, but also Christian practices, such as the display of religious symbols. When living in a foreign country, we are expected to respect the laws and are encouraged to adapt to and tolerate cultural practices. If you feel that a certain context does not suit you, consider other destinations where you can fully express your cultural or religious identity. Learn more about adapting to a new culture here. 

Can I drive a car or motorbike abroad with my Malian driving licence? 

To drive a car or motorbike abroad, you need to check the requirements of each country. In certain countries—primarily within ECOWAS—you can use a valid Malian driving licence, provided it remains valid for at least six months. 

Whether you can drive a car or motorbike abroad with a Malian driving licence depends on the country you wish to visit. Here are a few points to consider: 

• International agreements: Some countries accept foreign driving licences, including those from countries that are not signatories to the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, but this varies from country to country. 
• International Driving Permit: It is often advisable to obtain an International Driving Permit (IDP) before you leave. This can make it easier for your Malian licence to be recognised in many countries. The process is generally managed by the Ministry of Infrastructure, Land Transport and Opening-up. The cost of obtaining an International Driving Permit (Permis de Conduire International) in Mali can vary but is generally between FCFA 20,000 and FCFA 50,000. 
• Check local rules: Before you travel, learn about the specific rules on driving in your destination country. Some countries may have additional requirements, such as a translation of your driving licence. 
• Insurance: You should also check that your car insurance covers driving abroad. 

It is therefore advisable to contact the embassy or consulate of the country you are planning to visit to obtain accurate, up-to-date information. 

Do I need special insurance to drive abroad? 

When driving abroad, it is essential to take out travel insurance, which usually covers medical assistance and reimbursements. Most countries require at least third-party insurance to cover damage or injury you may cause to others. Depending on your destination, you may need to take out local insurance, particularly in areas where proof of cover is compulsory. Don't forget to check whether your travel insurance includes or offers additional cover for driving, such as car hire or vehicle-specific cover. For more detailed information, you can contact companies such as https://corridor.eregulations.org/procedure/print/12/10/step/474?showRecourses=true&showCertification=false&l=fr who can provide you with tailored advice and cover options to suit your needs. 

Are driving rules the same in every country? 

No. Mali applies the highway code, which is fully or partially applicable in countries such as France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Belgium, Morocco, Gabon, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso. When you plan to drive in another country, always check the local highway code and familiarise yourself with it! Having obtained your driving licence in your home country cannot be used as justification for a road accident. Before you leave, always check the driving conditions and regulations specific to the country you are planning to visit. 

How do I find opportunities to study abroad?  

There are several ways to learn about and apply to schools abroad. Start by contacting Malian schools and universities, as many offer exchange or twinning programmes with foreign institutions and can provide information on available courses in your chosen field of study. You can also reach out to the Malian Ministry of Higher Education and Research for additional information on specific partnerships with international universities. Furthermore, international institutions or cultural centres in Mali may provide various study-abroad opportunities. Building connections with other Malian or international students studying abroad can also help you access these opportunities. 

Beyond direct applications, consider exploring exchange programmes, scholarship opportunities, and international agreements that support studying abroad. The African Union promotes various initiatives such as the Pan-African University of the African Union, which promotes academic exchanges and research in Africa. 

Also, institutions like ENKO Education strive to help students appreciate their African roots while preparing them for the opportunities the world has to offer. Exploring these institutions can provide valuable support and resources for your educational journey. 

To apply to a college or university, start by learning about each institution's application procedure, which is usually available on their website. Make sure you gather and submit all the required documents, such as transcripts and language proficiency test results, and keep to the application deadlines. 

What’s the cost of a bachelor’s or master’s programme abroad? 

The cost of a bachelor's or master's degree programme abroad varies considerably depending on the region, country and type of institution. Studying in countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Morocco, Egypt, Singapore, India, the UK or Switzerland can be more expensive, while some countries, such as Senegal, Togo, Niger, Algeria or Sudan, offer more affordable options with lower tuition fees. Higher education, which includes universities and colleges, is often cheaper at public than at private institutions. Many public universities offer excellent education, and it's important to look beyond price when making your decision.  

Researching university rankings, particularly in your area of interest, is essential to ensure that you choose a programme that meets your academic and professional goals. Consulting rankings such as "The World's Highest and Lowest Tuition Fees" and reports such as the OECD's "Education at a Glance" or UNESCO's "The Right to Higher Education in Africa" can provide valuable insights into the cost and quality of education. 

It is important to note that tuition fees and other education-related costs may vary over time and depend on the institution concerned. Prices may fluctuate due to inflation, changes in government policy or institutional decisions. It is therefore essential to check the latest fees directly with the university or the relevant authorities. Also, when comparing costs between different countries or institutions, it is essential to use the same currency to ensure an accurate comparison. Exchange rates can have a significant impact on the perceived cost of education. 

 Where can Malian students find scholarships to study abroad? 

The Direction Générale de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique of the Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (MESR) is a key resource for Malian citizens seeking scholarships to study abroad. This department is responsible for dealing with all matters relating to scholarships, both in Mali and abroad. It manages the application process, ensures that scholarship holders meet their academic commitments and keeps beneficiaries' files up to date. For more information, visit the website of the General Directorate for Higher Education and Scientific Research. 

There are also several scholarships available for African youths. A notable scholarship programme is Erasmus+, which facilitates student exchanges and academic collaboration between European institutions. You can also consider the Fulbright Foreign Student Program in the United States, the Chevening Scholarship in the United Kingdom, the Australia Awards in Australia, the Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship in Switzerland, the DAAD Scholarship in Germany and many others to continue your studies abroad.  

For scholarship opportunities in Africa, there are several options. The African Union offers scholarships such as the Kwame Nkrumah Scientific Awards for postgraduate studies and research in science and technology, as well as other scholarships for African students. The MasterCard Foundation Scholars Program offers scholarships for African students to study at partner universities on the continent. In addition, the OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID) scholarship and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) scholarship programme support students from developing countries, including Mali. 

As far as universities offering scholarships are concerned, you can study at Mohamed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Cadi Ayyad University in Marrakech, Morocco; Tunis El Manar University in Tunis, Tunisia; Ouagadougou University in Burkina Faso; Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Senegal, and Kinshasa University in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Each of these institutions offers different types of scholarships and opportunities for students from all over Africa. 

Will my Malian qualifications be recognised abroad?  

To know whether qualifications from your studies in Mali will be recognised abroad, it is important to check whether your programme and university were accredited or recognised at the time you obtained your degree.  

The Conseil Africain et Malgache pour l'Enseignement Supérieur (CAMES) provides access to a list of internationally recognised university programmes and qualifications. In preparation for the 2024-2025 academic year, CAMES has released information about its training programme accreditation system. This system helps students select programmes accredited by CAMES, ensuring diplomas meet its quality standards and align with international benchmarks, thereby enhancing graduate employability. 

For Malian citizens, specific diplomas such as the licence, maîtrise, diplôme d'études approfondies, diplôme d'ingénieur, master's degree and doctorate can be assessed for a declaration of comparability, which is often required for the recognition of diplomas in foreign countries. However, qualifications such as the Brevet de Technicien Supérieur (B.T.S.), the Diplôme de Technicien Supérieur (D.T.S.) and others are not generally included in these assessments.  

Before requesting a declaration of comparability, ensure that all the necessary documents, such as your university diploma and academic transcripts, are in order. For more information on accredited programmes and recognised institutions in Mali, you can consult the website of the Ministry of Higher Education and Research or that of the National Quality Assurance Authority. This preparation can help you understand the international value of your Malian qualifications. 

Also contact the Malian Ministry of Higher Education and Research, as well as the Department of Examinations, Competitions and Professional Certifications (DECPC) for more information on the conversion of diplomas, the types of diplomas and the possibilities of access to university. 

If your Malian qualifications are not recognised abroad, consider taking bridging courses or obtaining local qualifications to meet local standards, obtaining internationally recognised professional certifications and gaining local work experience to enhance your skills. You can also investigate the possibilities of using diploma recognition and ask education advisers or consulates for help with the process. They can help you overcome the difficulties associated with recognition and advance your career. 

What should I do if I need emergency care? 

Even if you're young and in good health, it's essential have valid travel insurance when you travel abroad. The insurance must be valid in your destination region, cover the entire duration of your stay, and offer comprehensive coverage, particularly in the event of a medical emergency. Click here [to the Learn section] to learn more about medical insurance and what to do if you need emergency medical care abroad.  

Also note that institutions such as the Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie (CANAM) and IOM can provide support and advice about accessing medical care throughout your trip. 

In Mali, to cross borders and travel abroad, you need to show proof of vaccination that complies with international standards. Be sure you know which vaccinations are required by your destination country by consulting their Ministry of Health website. You can find information on vaccinations on the website of the Institut Pasteur in Mali and request your vaccination certificate using the information on the website dedicated to all administrative procedures in Mali: https://demarchesadministratives.gouv.ml/demarches/afficher/Carnet-de-vaccination-international. 

If you are not vaccinated against certain diseases, you may be refused entry to your destination country, quarantined on arrival or have difficulty accessing certain services. Don't forget to take your immunisation or vaccination documents with you when you travel abroad. 

What ID do I need to show to get medical care abroad? 

When seeking medical care abroad, you should carry: 

• Your passport, national identity card or regional biometric card. Ensure you have a valid identification document to establish your identity. 
• Your health insurance card or any documents related to your travel insurance. This is crucial as it proves your coverage and helps avoid upfront payments for medical services. 

How much does a medical consultation or hospitalisation cost abroad?   

The cost of seeing a doctor or going to a hospital abroad varies widely depending on the country and the type of healthcare system in place. In countries with universal healthcare, costs might be low or even free in public hospitals, especially if you have the right insurance, but waiting times might be long. In other countries, healthcare can be expensive, and without insurance, you may need to pay out of pocket. 

To avoid unexpected costs: 

• Ensure you have comprehensive travel health insurance before leaving Mali. This insurance should cover medical expenses, hospital stays, and emergency evacuations. 
• Check the coverage details, including any exclusions or limitations, to understand what your insurance will pay for. 

If you don’t have insurance, be prepared for potentially high medical costs and confirm with the healthcare provider about payment methods and options. 

What should I consider when choosing a mode of transportation? 

When travelling from Mali to another country, or even within the country, it’s important to prioritise safety and consider your destination (explore destinations here), budget and other factors when choosing your mode of transportation. Here's a quick comparison: 

1. Air travel 

• Cost: Air travel is generally more expensive, but prices vary according to destination and airline. 
• Documentation: Requires a valid passport, visa (if required) and any vaccination certificates. 
• Time: The fastest option. For example, Bamako to Paris takes around 6 hours, while Bamako to Ghana or Nigeria takes 3 hours. 
• Safety: Air transport is the safest way to travel, with fewer risks than land or sea transport. 

2. Land travel 

• Cost: Often cheaper than flying, especially within ECOWAS. Costs include bus or vehicle tickets, fuel and possibly accommodation. 
• Time: Much longer, depending on distance and road conditions. For example, the journey between Bamako and Dakar by bus can take between 20 and 30 hours. 
• Documentation: Valid passport or identity card. Within ECOWAS, visas are not always required, but you may be subject to multiple border controls and need additional permits. 
• Safety: Less safe due to road conditions, political instability and banditry. 

3. Water travel 

• Cost: This varies considerably. Boats can be cheaper than planes, but more expensive than land transport for longer journeys, for example Koulikoro to Timbuktu. 
• Time: The slowest option, with journeys lasting several days or weeks depending on the route and weather conditions. 
• Documentation: As with air and land travel, you will need an identification document such as a passport or identity card, and possibly a visa (not required within Mali). 
• Safety: Riskier due to weather conditions, piracy in certain areas and the long duration of the journey. 

We encourage you to always choose regular migration routes and to be aware of the consequences of irregular migration by land, desert or sea.

What is smuggling and how do I know if I am being smuggled? 

Migrant smuggling involves facilitating the illegal entry of a person into a country of which he or she is not a citizen or permanent resident, usually for financial or material gain. A smuggler is a person who organises this illegal entry and profits from it. You can be trafficked if you are helped to cross borders without the required documents, in a dangerous or illegal manner, and if the person helping you demands payment for this service. Learn to recognise and protect yourself from smugglers here.

What is human trafficking? 

Human trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring, or receipt of people through force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power, or vulnerability for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation can include forced labour, sexual exploitation, slavery, servitude, or even the removal of organs. Traffickers are individuals or groups who engage in these activities, often targeting vulnerable people by manipulating or coercing them into situations where they are exploited. Learn how to protect yourself here. 

What is irregular migration? 

Irregular migration happens when people travel without following the rules or having the right documents. For example, someone might enter a country without going through the official border gates, stay longer than their visa allows, or work without permission. Irregular migration can lead to deportation, exploitation, trafficking, and even loss of life. Click here to learn how to protect yourself and what to do if you find yourself in such a situation.   

What is exploitation? 

Exploitation involves taking advantage of someone for personal gain, often through force, deception, or manipulation. This can include forcing someone to work without fair pay, engaging in illegal activities, or using them for sexual purposes or organ removal. Exploitation can happen to anyone. Learn how you can help protect yourself and others here.